%% 
%% This is file `acmtrans.bst',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%% 
%% The original source files were:
%% 
%% acmtrans.dtx 
%% 
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE:
%% 
%% For the copyright see the source file.
%% 
%% You are *not* allowed to modify this file.
%% 
%% You are *not* allowed to distribute this file.
%% For distribution of the original source see
%% the terms for copying and modification in the file  acmtrans.dtx.
%% 
ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    pub-year
    pub-month
    pub-address
    school
    series
    title
    type
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
  { label.year extra.label sort.year sort.label }

INTEGERS {
    output.state
    before.all
    mid.sentence
    after.sentence
    after.block
}
FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}
STRINGS { s t u }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
    { add.period$ write$
      newline$
      "\newblock " write$
    }
    { output.state before.all =
        'write$
        { add.period$ " " * write$ }
      if$
    }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}
FUNCTION {output.nonnull.colon}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ": " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
    { add.period$ write$
      newline$
      "\newblock " write$
    }
    { output.state before.all =
        'write$
        { add.period$ " " * write$ }
      if$
    }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}
FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.colon}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull.colon
  if$
}

FUNCTION {warn.null}
{
    "empty " swap$ * " in " * cite$ * warning$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{
    't :=
    duplicate$
    empty$
        { pop$ t warn.null }
        'output.nonnull
    if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null.check}
{
    't :=
    duplicate$
    empty$
        { pop$ "" t warn.null }
        'skip$
    if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check.colon}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ t warn.null }
    'output.nonnull.colon
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{
    output.state after.block =
        'skip$
        { output.state before.all =
            'skip$
            { after.sentence 'output.state := }
          if$
        }
    if$
}
FUNCTION {output.year.check}
{ year empty$
     { "year" warn.null }
     { add.period$ write$
       " \bibyear{" year * extra.label * "}" *
       mid.sentence 'output.state :=
     }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
{ add.period$
  write$
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

FUNCTION {parenthesize}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { " (" swap$ * ")" * }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize}
{
    duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ "" }
        { "\bibemph{" swap$ * "}" * }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {emphasize.ic}
{
    duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ "" }
        { "\bibemphic{" swap$ * "}" * }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {smallcaps}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    { "\bibsc{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    {
        s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, f.}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
              { ", " * t * }
              { numnames #2 >
                  { "," * }
                  'skip$
                if$
                t "others" =
                    { " et~al." * }
                    { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
                  if$
               }
               if$
             }
            't
        if$
        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {my.full.label}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=  % get the next name
      nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
              { ", " * t * }
              { numnames #2 >
                  { "," * }
                  'skip$
                if$
                t "others" =
                    { " et~al." * }
                    { " and " * t * } % from Chicago Manual of Style
                  if$
               }
               if$
             }
            't
        if$
        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.names.fml}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=               % nameptr = 1;
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=    % numnames = num.name$(s);
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        { namesleft #1 >
              { ", " * t * }
              { numnames #2 >
                  { "," * }
                  'skip$
                if$
                t "others" =
                    { " et~al." * }
                    { " and " * t * }
                  if$
               }
               if$
             }
            't
        if$
        nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=          % nameptr += 1;
        namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=      % namesleft =- 1;
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
    { author format.names smallcaps }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.key}
{ empty$
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors.fml}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names.fml
      editor num.names$ #1 >
    { ", Eds." * }
    { ", Ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names smallcaps
      editor num.names$ #1 >
    { ", Eds." * }
    { ", Ed." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
    { title "t" change.case$ }
  if$
}
FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
  { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
    { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
        { "--" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
        {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
        { "-" *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
          while$
        }
      if$
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{
    edition empty$
        { "" }
        { edition " ed." * }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {format.btitle}
{
    title emphasize "title" output.check
    new.sentence
    format.edition output
    new.sentence
}

FUNCTION {format.emphasize.booktitle}
{
    edition empty$
        { booktitle emphasize.ic }
        { booktitle empty$
            { booktitle emphasize }
            { booktitle emphasize.ic edition " ed." * parenthesize * }
        if$
        }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{
    swap$
    duplicate$
    empty$
        'pop$
        {
            swap$
            duplicate$
            text.length$ #3 <
                { "~" }
                { " " }
            if$
            swap$ * *
        }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{
    volume empty$
        { "" }
        { series emphasize " vol." volume tie.or.space.connect * }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{
    volume empty$
        { number empty$
            { series field.or.null }
            { series empty$
                { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
                { series " no." number tie.or.space.connect * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        { "" }
    if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
    { #1 'multiresult := }
    { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{
    pages empty$
        { "" }
        { " " pages n.dashify * }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {format.jour.vol}
{
    journal "journal" field.or.null.check
    volume empty$
        { "volume" warn.null }
        { volume tie.or.space.connect }
    if$
    emphasize.ic output
    number field.or.null
    month parenthesize
    *
    output
    format.pages "pages" output.check
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
        { "Chapter" } % gnp - changed to mixed case
        { type "t" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
        {"page numbers missing in " cite$ * warning$}%gnp - added check
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{
    booktitle empty$
        { "" }
        {
            "In " format.emphasize.booktitle *
            editor empty$
                'skip$
                { ", " * format.editors.fml * }
            if$
        }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}

%%  FUNCTION {format.thesis.title}
%%  {
%%      title field.or.null "t" change.case$
%%  }

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
    { "Technical Report" }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}




FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames #2 >    % change number to number of others allowed before
                   % forcing "et al".
    { s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ " et~al." * }
    {
      numnames #1 - 'namesleft :=
      #2 'nameptr :=
      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
        { namesleft #0 > }
        { nameptr numnames =
            { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
                { " et~al." * }
                { " and " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
              if$
            }
            { ", " * s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
          if$
          nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
          namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
        }
      while$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
          { "no key, author in " cite$ * warning$
            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
         'key
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
          { "no key, editor in " cite$ * warning$
            cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
        if$
     }
     { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.org.label}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "no key, author or organization in " cite$ * warning$
              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        'organization
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.org.label}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "no key, editor or organization in " cite$ * warning$
              cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        'organization
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
          { key empty$
               { "no key, author, or editor in " cite$ * warning$
                 cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
             'key
           if$
         }
          { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.org.label
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.key.org.label
            'author.key.label
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  author empty$  % generate the full label citation information.
    { editor empty$
        { organization empty$
           { "no author, editor, or organization in " cite$ * warning$
             "??" }
           'organization
           if$
        }
        { editor my.full.label }
        if$
    }
    { author my.full.label }
  if$
  "}{" * swap$ * "}{" *
  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
  'label.year :=
}

FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
  "\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{" write$
  calc.label write$
  sort.year write$
  "}]{" write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {article}
{
    output.bibitem
    format.authors "author" output.check
    author format.key output          % added
    output.year.check                 % added
    new.block
    format.title "title" output.check
    new.block
            format.jour.vol
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {book}
{
    output.bibitem
    author empty$
        { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
        {
          format.authors output.nonnull
                "author and editor" editor either.or.check
        }
    if$
    output.year.check       % added
    new.block
    format.btitle % "title" output.check
            format.bvolume output
            new.block
            format.number.series output
            new.sentence
            publisher "publisher" output.check
            address output
    new.block
    note output
    fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  howpublished output
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{
    output.bibitem
    author empty$
        { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
        { format.authors output.nonnull
          crossref missing$
            { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
            'skip$
          if$
        }
    if$
    output.year.check                 % added
    new.block
    format.btitle % "title" output.check
            format.bvolume output
            format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
            new.block
            format.number.series output
            new.sentence
            publisher "publisher" output.check.colon
            address output
    new.block
    note output
    fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output       % added
  output.year.check              % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
    format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
    format.bvolume output
    format.number.series output
    format.chapter.pages output % gnp - was special.output.nonnull
    new.sentence
    address output
    publisher "publisher" output.check.colon
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
        { "" }
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
          month
        }
      if$
    }
    { month empty$
        'year
        { month " " * year * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.proc.loc.date}
{
    address field.or.null
    format.date
    duplicate$ empty$
        'pop$
        { swap$
          duplicate$ empty$
            'pop$
            { ", " * swap$ * }
          if$
        }
    if$
    parenthesize
    *
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{
  output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output            % added
  output.year.check                   % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
      format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.proc.loc.date %output
      new.sentence
      organization output
      publisher output %.colon
      format.pages output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { editor empty$
      { organization "organization" output.check
        organization format.key output }  % if all else fails, use key
      { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
    if$
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.btitle % "title" output.check
  organization address new.block.checkb
  address output
  organization "organization" output.check.colon
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output          % added
  output.year.check                 % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output            % added
  output.year.check                   % added
  title howpublished new.block.checkb
  format.title output
  new.block
  howpublished output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output            % added
  output.year.check                   % added
  new.block
  format.btitle % "title" output.check
  new.block
  "Ph.\ D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization output
      organization format.key output } % gnp - changed from
    { format.editors output.nonnull }  % author format.key
  if$
  output.year.check                    % added (newapa)
  new.block
  format.btitle % "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
    format.proc.loc.date % output
  new.sentence
  organization output
  publisher output.colon
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output             % added
  output.year.check                    % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  format.tr.number
     month empty$
     'skip$
     { month parenthesize * }
     if$
  output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  address output
  new.block
  note output
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
  author format.key output              % added
  output.year.check                      % added
  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
  new.block
  note "note" output.check
  fin.entry
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"Jan."}

MACRO {feb} {"Feb."}

MACRO {mar} {"Mar."}

MACRO {apr} {"Apr."}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"Aug."}

MACRO {sep} {"Sept."}

MACRO {oct} {"Oct."}

MACRO {nov} {"Nov."}

MACRO {dec} {"Dec."}

MACRO {acmcs}    {"ACM Comput. Surv."}

MACRO {acta}     {"Acta Inf."}

MACRO {ai}       {"Artif. Intell."}

MACRO {cacm}     {"Commun. ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd}   {"IBM J. Res. Devel."}

MACRO {ibmsj}    {"IBM Syst. J."}

MACRO {ieeese}   {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}

MACRO {ieeetc}   {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}

MACRO {ieeetcad} {"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl}      {"Inf. Process. Lett."}

MACRO {ic}       {"Inf. Comput."}

MACRO {jacm}     {"J. ACM"}

MACRO {jcss}     {"J. Comput. Syst. Sci."}

MACRO {scp}      {"Sci. Comput. Program."}

MACRO {sicomp}   {"SIAM J. Comput."}

MACRO {tocs}     {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}

MACRO {tods}     {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}

MACRO {tog}      {"ACM Trans. Graph."}

MACRO {toms}     {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}

MACRO {toois}    {"ACM Trans. Off. Inf. Syst"}

MACRO {tois}     {"ACM Trans. Inf. Syst."}

MACRO {toplas}   {"ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst."}

MACRO {tcs}      {"Theor. Comput. Sci."}

READ

FUNCTION {sortify}
{
    purify$
    "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
          { "   " * }
         'skip$
      if$
      s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
          { " et~al" * }
          { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
         { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
           "" }
         { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
         { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
           ""
         }
         { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{
    author empty$
        { % "missing author in " cite$ * warning$
          editor empty$
            { key empty$
                { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in "
                  cite$ * warning$
                  ""
                }
                {
                  key sortify
                }
              if$
            }
            {
              editor sort.format.names
            }
          if$
        }
        {
          author sort.format.names
        }
    if$
}

FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in "
              cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { organization sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in "
              cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { organization sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label sortify % recalculate bibitem label
  year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.organization.sort
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.organization.sort
            'author.sort
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$        % added for newapa
  'sort.label :=                  % added for newapa
  sort.label                      % added for newapa
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {presort}

SORT    % by label, year, author/editor, title


STRINGS { last.label next.extra }

INTEGERS { last.extra.num }

FUNCTION {init.extra.label.stuff}
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label
  calc.label year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
  #1 entry.max$ substring$ =     % are they equal?
     { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
       last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
     }
     { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
       "" 'extra.label :=
       calc.label
       year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ * % add year
       #1 entry.max$ substring$ 'last.label := % assign to last.label
     }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
     'skip$
  if$
  label.year extra.label * 'sort.year :=
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
}

EXECUTE {init.extra.label.stuff}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

ITERATE {bib.sort.order}

SORT % by sort.label, year, title --- giving final bib. order.

FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
  "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}

%% 
%% End of file `acmtrans.bst'.